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CAUSES DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT |
Ovarian Cysts (Endometriomas)
Ovarian cysts may indicate advanced endometriosis and often is associated
with reduced fertility. An ovarian cyst is a small fluid-filled sac that grows
in the ovary. Endometriomas can be treated with surgery.
Uterine Fibroids
Uterine fibroids or leiomymomas are benign tumors usually located on the
outside surface or within the muscular wall of the uterus. They are not associated
with the reproductive system but may cause infertility by interfering with the
contour of the uterine cavity, blocking the fallopian tubes. It can also interfere
with embryo implantation or fetal growth. Though the causes of these tumors
are unknown, evidence suggest that estrogen and progesterone contribute to the
growth of fibroids. It is most often diagnosed in women between the ages of
30 and 40. Common symptoms of fibroids is pelvic pressure, along with irregular
bleeding and the effective treatment option is hysterectomy.
Premature Ovarian Failure (POF) or Early Menopause
Early menopause is the absence of menstruation and the early depletion of
ovarian follicles before age 40. Though the cause is often unknown, the condition
is associated with autoimmune disease, pelvic surgery, tobacco smoking, genetic
factors, radiation or chemotherapy. Treatment option for POF is In Vitro
Fertilization (IVF).
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
PID is an infection of the pelvis or organs of the reproductive tract, including
the ovaries, the fallopian tubes, the cervix or the uterus. It can lead to blocked
or damaged fallopian tubes and is usually caused by
sexually transmitted diseases,
miscarriages, abortions, childbirth, or an intrauterine device.
Pelvic Adhesions
Pelvic adhesions are bands of scar tissue formed between two or more internal
organs after pelvic infection, appendicitis or abdominal or pelvic surgery.
This condition is usually caused by surgery or infection and can affect the functioning
of the ovaries and fallopian tubes resulting in infertility.
Age is also a risk factor of infertility. A woman's peak fertility occurs in her early 20s. The ability for ovaries to produce eggs declines with age, especially after age 35. As a woman ages beyond 35 (and particularly after age 40), the likelihood of conceiving diminishes to less than 10% per month. The risk of miscarriage also increases with a woman's age. Tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, extremes in body mass either too high or too low are all risk factors of infertility.
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