Testicular cancer is a rare disease in men caused by abnormal growth of cells in the tissues of one or both testicles. The male sex gland, testicles (testes or gonads) are the body's main source of male hormones which is involved in the production of sperm. The testicles, two in number, which look round and a little smaller than golf balls, are located behind the penis in a pouch of skin called the scrotum.

Testicular cancer usually arises between the ages of 15 and 49, more likely between 20-35. Testicular cancer or malignant tumour (also called germ cell tumour) begins when cells within the testicle become cancerous and begin to grow out of control. Seminoma and Nonseminoma are the two types of testicular cancer. Nonseminomas include four sub-types namely Choriocarcinoma, Embryonal Carcinoma, Teratoma, and Yolk sac tumors. Seminomas, made up of immature germ, are slow growing and tend to stay localized in the testicle for long periods. Nonseminomas arise from more mature, specialized germ cells and tend to be more aggressive than Seminomas. Tumors can also arise in the supportive and hormone-producing tissues of the testicles and are called Gonadal Stromal tumors. Leydig cell tumors and Sertoli cell tumors are two types. Secondary testicular tumors are those that start in another organ and then spread to the testicle. The most common secondary testicular cancer lymphoma, arise from lymphatic tissue (tissue that forms part of the immune system) within the testicle. These are very rare.

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