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Industry
Mining is one of the principal source of Goa's industrial and trade
development and offers considerable scope for employment. Mineral resources are an asset of Goa and iron ore is a leading
commodity. Other minerals include manganese ore and ferro-manganese ore which
are produced and exported, but iron ore occupies the pride of place in Goa's
economy. Some of the most
productive and important mines are located in the northern and eastern parts of
Goa.
There are units manufacturing a variety of items like pesticides,
fertilizers, tyres and tubes, iron ore pellets, foot wear, chemicals,
pharmaceuticals, sugar, wheat products, steel rolling, fruits and fish
canning, cashew nuts, textiles, brewery products etc. There are handicrafts
units mainly engaged in the manufacture of wood, crafts, brass, pottery,
handloom, leather and bamboo crafts etc.
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Agriculture
Agriculture is one of the important economic activities in
Goa. Goa has done
much to improve and develop its agriculture so that it becomes more productive
and the farmers who work on the field get a better return for their labour. Rice
along with fish is the staple diet of the people and it is also a principal
agricultural crop. The important crops grown are paddy, ragi, maize, jowar,
bajra and pulses. Cash crops like coconut, cashew-nut, arecanut, mango,
jackfruit, banana, pineapple etc. are also grown in abundance. Sugarcane
cultivation has been taken up only recently and a sugar factory has also been
set up in Goa.
 Paddy is the principal crop of
Goa. There are two paddy seasons, namely
Kharif or sorod and the rabi or vaingan. The monsoon crops are called the kharif
or sorod crops and the winter crops are called rabi or vaingan crops. The main
sources of irrigation for winter crops are the nallahs, rivers and streams,
tanks, wells, canal etc. Crops grown in the Kharif season consist of paddy, ragi
(locally called nachani) and some pulses. Crops grown in the rabi season are
comprised of paddy, pulses like horse-gram (kulith), black gram (udid), a variety
of beans and some vegetables.
Cashew is an important crop in
Goa. An
exhilarating drink called Feni is produced from cashew. It is a kind of gin or
vodka.
A variety of mangoes are grown in
Goa. Some of the famous
Mango varieties
are mancurade, mussarade, fernandine, xavier, alfonsa, colaco etc. There are two
varieties of jackfruit grown here namely kapo (hard) and rasal (soft).
The kind of vegetables grown in the Goa are brinjal, lady's
fingers, radish, cucumber, pumpkins, drumsticks, breadfruit and different
varieties of gourds. Sweet potatoes, chillies, onions are also available.
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Animal Husbandry
The animal husbandry and the veterinary services form an important
sector of rural econo my.
Cattle feed, milk products, meat etc were imported on a large scale. There
was one cattle farm at Dhat in Goa district having an important herd of
Sindhi cows and a small poultry farm at Tonca, Panaji.
A Piggery farmwas also functioning at Curti in Ponda latuka
to produce qualitative pigs for their distribution to farmers for breeding.
Large white-York-shire and other improved breeds of pigs were maintained
at this farm.
Fishing formed an important economic activity of the Goa.
The Goa is abounded in rich marine and inland fisheries potential which
consisted mainly of prawns, one of the most important foreign exchange
earning commodity and commercially important shoaling fish like mackerels
and sardines.
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